The perceived lack of drug discovery productivity in recent times has led to much debate in the pharmaceutical/biotechnology industry as escalating R&D costs are not being matched by increased output. Few observers doubt that selecting the right targets, ie those which are critical to disease pathology and are ‘druggable’, is the best starting point for improved productivity.The seven chapters of this volume describe recent progress towards drugs acting at a range of ‘druggable’ targets. One chapter addresses kinases, one covers an ion channel, two proteases are featured and three of the chapters cover G-protein coupled receptors, which has historically perhaps been the most fruitful area for medicinal chemists.*Presents the latest research in the field of drug discovery *Publishes on an annual basis to bring you the most innovative updates in medicinal chemistry *Available as an online resource via ScienceDirect..

Sensors and actuators are now part of our everyday life and appear in many appliances, such as cars, vending machines and washing machines. MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) are micro systems consisting of micro mechanical sensors, actuators and micro electronic circuits. A variety of MEMS devices have been developed and many mass produced, but the information on these is widely dispersed in the literature. This book presents the analysis and design principles of MEMS devices. The information is comprehensive, focusing on microdynamics, such as the mechanics of beam and diaphragm structures, air damping and its effect on the motion of mechanical structures. Using practical examples, the author examines problems associated with analysis and design, and solutions are included at the back of the book. The ideal advanced level textbook for graduates, Analysis and Design Principles of MEMS Devices is a suitable source of reference for researchers and engineers in the field.* Presents the analysis and design principles of MEMS devices more systematically than ever before.* Includes the theories essential for the analysis and design of MEMS includes the dynamics of micro mechanical structures* A problem section is included at the end of each chapter with answers provided at the end of the book...

This book presents and discusses new data ranging from Alps to Africa, obtained by the CROP PROJECT (transcrustal seismic exploration of the Mediterranean and Italy). New lithospheric imagings of relevant importance for understanding disputed topics are provided. Alps, Apennines, Calabrian Arc, Sicilian Apennine, Maghrebian Chain, Corso-Sardinian Block, paleo-basins (Ionian, Alpine Tethys), neo-basins (Balearic and Tyrrhenian) are innovatively reconstructed.* Provides new data from the Alps to Africa* Presents interpretation of the CROP seismic network data* Offers a stepwise increase in information with new data for further studies..

The trace determination of pesticides continues to be a topic for analytical chemists working in research centres, government and universities. With four chapters devoted to chromatography-mass spectrometry methods, readers are able to understand the analytical basis, technical characteristics and possibilities to evaluate pesticides in food by gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) mass spectrometry. The book also provides a well-defined and critical compilation of the sample treatment and clean-up procedures, as well as injection techniques applied in GC and LC food analysis. Finally the book deals with aspects related to analytical quality control requirements for pesticide residues, in addition to pesticide regulation aspects.* Contains specific chapters devoted to chromatography-mass spectrometry methods* Provides a well-defined and critical compilation of the sample treatment and clean-up procedures* Contains aspects related to analytical quality control requirements for pesticide residues..

Crystallography Made Crystal Clear makes crystallography accessible to readers who have no prior knowledge of the field or its mathematical basis. This is the most comprehensive and concise reference for beginning Macromolecular crystallographers, written by a leading expert in the field. Rhodes' uses visual and geometric models to help readers understand the mathematics that form the basis of x-ray crystallography. He has invested a great deal of time and effort on World Wide Web tools for users of models, including beginning-level tutorials in molecular modeling on personal computers. Rhodes' personal CMCC Home Page also provides access to tools and links to resources discussed in the text. Most significantly, the final chapter introduces the reader to macromolecular modeling on personal computers-featuring SwissPdbViewer, a free, powerful modeling program now available for PC, Power Macintosh, and Unix computers. This updated and expanded new edition uses attractive four-color art, web tool access for further study, and concise language to explain the basis of X-ray crystallography, increasingly vital in today's research labs.* Helps readers to understand where models come from, so they don't use them blindly andinappropriately * Provides many visual and geometric models for understanding a largely mathematical method * Allows readers to judge whether recently published models are of sufficiently high quality and detail to be useful in their own work * Allows readers to study macromolecular structure independently and in an open-ended fashion on their own computers, without being limited to textbook or journals illustrations * Provides access to web tools in a format that will not go out of date. Links will be updated and added as existing resources change location or are added..

Hormones, Brain, and Behavior is a comprehensive work discussing the effect of hormones on the brain and, subsequently, behavior. This five-volume major reference work has 106 chapters covering a broad range of topics with an extensive discussion of the effects of hormones on insects, fish, amphibians, birds, rodents, and humans. To truly understand all aspects of our behavior, we must take every influence (including the hormonal influences) into consideration. Donald Pfaff and a number of well-qualified editors examine and discuss how we are influenced by hormonal factors, offering insight, and information on the lives of a variety of species. Hormones, Brain, and Behavior offers the reader comprehensive coverage of an emerging and prominent field with a state-of-the-art overview of hormonally-mediated behaviors. The set provides unique treatment of all major vertebrate and invertebrate model systems with excellent opportunities for relating behavior to molecular genetics. The topics cover an unusual breadth (from molecules to ecophysiology), ranging from basic science to clinical research, making this reference of interest to a broad range of scientists in a variety of fields. Key Features* Contributors from 16 different countries and more than 70 institutions* Unlike any other hormone reference on the market Hormones, Brain and Behavior addresses hormone effects in all major vertebrate and non-vertebrate models* A timely, current reference on an emerging field with each chapter providing an in-depth exploration of the topic* Discusses molecular aspects of hormone function, systems, development, and hormone-related diseases* Addresses hormone effects inboth the developing and adult nervous systemTopics include: * Mammalian and Non-mammalian Hormone-behavior Systems * Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hormone Actions on Behavior * Development of Hormone-dependent Neuronal Systems * Hormone/Behavior Relations of Clinical Importance..

Mastering the art of communicating scientific information is more critical than ever for a successful career in science and technology. Scientists today must be able to effectively convey sophisticated information to a broad audience that may include students, colleagues around the world, regulatory bodies, granting agencies, legislators, and the lay public. In this engaging and lively book, the author provides a step-by-step guide to the complete process of making a scientific presentation from preparation to delivery. It offers numerous examples highlighting what to follow and what to avoid. This revised edition covers the effective use of PowerPoint™ and other computer-based presentation programs. It also includes a handy checklist, new illustrations, and tips on handling an audience in a foreign country...

Network Security is a comprehensive resource written for anyone who plans or implements network security measures, including managers and practitioners. It offers a valuable dual perspective on security: how your network looks to hackers who want to get inside, and how you need to approach it on the inside to keep them at bay.You get all the hands-on technical advice you need to succeed, but also higher-level administrative guidance for developing an effective security policy. There may be no such thing as absolute security, but, as the author clearly demonstrates, there is a huge difference between the protection offered by routine reliance on third-party products and what you can achieve by actively making informed decisions. You’ll learn to do just that with this book’s assessments of the risks, rewards, and trade-offs related implementing security measures.+ Helps you see through a hacker's eyes so you can make your network more secure.+ Provides technical advice that can be applied in any environment, on any platform, including help with intrusion detection systems, firewalls, encryption, anti-virus software, and digital certificates.+ Emphasizes a wide range of administrative considerations, including security policies, user management, and control of services and devices.+ Covers techniques for enhancing the physical security of your systems and network.+ Explains how hackers use information-gathering to find and exploit security flaws.+ Examines the most effective ways to prevent hackers from gaining root access to a server.+ Addresses Denial of Service attacks, "malware," and spoofing.+ Includes appendices covering the TCP/IP protocol stack, well-known ports, and reliable sources for security warnings and updates...

The global environment is constantly changing and our planet is getting warmer at an unprecedented rate. The study of the carbon cycle, and soil respiration, is a very active area of research internationally because of its relationship to climate change. It is crucial for our understanding of ecosystem functions from plot levels to global scales. Although a great deal of literature on soil respiration has been accumulated in the past several years, the material has not yet been synthesized into one place until now. This book synthesizes the already published research findings and presents the fundamentals of this subject. Including information on global carbon cycling, climate changes, ecosystem productivity, crop production, and soil fertility, this book will be of interest to scientists, researchers, and students across many disciplines.* A key reference for the scientific community on global climate change, ecosystem studies, and soil ecology* Describes the myriad ways that soils respire and howthis activity influences the environment* Covers a breadth of topics ranging from methodologyto comparative analyses of different ecosystem types* The first existing "treatise" on the subject..

Technological improvements have greatly increased the ability of marine scientists to collect and analyze data over large spatial scales, and the resultant insights attainable from interpreting those data vastly increase understanding of poplation dynamics, evolution and biogeography. Marine Metapopulations provides a synthesis of existing information and understanding, and frames the most important future directions and issues.* First book to systematically apply metapopulation theory directly to marine systems*Contributions from leading international ecologists and fisheries biologists*Perspectives on a broad array of marine organisms and ecosystems, from coastal estuaries to shallow reefs to deep-sea hydrothermal vents*Critical science for improved management of marine resources*Paves the way for future research on large-scale spatial ecology of marine systems..

Systems Biology is concerned with the quantitative study of complex biosystems at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and systems scales. Its focus is on the function of the system as a whole, rather than on individual parts. This exciting new arena applies mathematical modeling and engineering methods to the study of biological systems. This book is the first of its kind to focus on the newly emerging field of systems biology with an emphasis on computational approaches. The work covers new concepts, methods for information storage, mining and knowledge extraction, reverse engineering of gene and metabolic networks, as well as modelling and simulation of multi-cellular systems. Central themes include strategies for predicting biological properties and methods for elucidating structure-function relationships...

Wildlife Demography compiles the multitude of available estimation techniques based on sex and age data, and presents these varying techniques in one organized, unified volume. Designed to guide researchers to the most appropriate estimator based upon their particular data set and the desired level of study precision, this book provides quantitative consideration, statistical models, estimator variance, assumptions and examples of use.The authors focus on estimation techniques using sex and age ratios because this data is relatively easy to collect and commonly used by wildlife management* Applicable to a wide array of wildlife species, including game and non-game birds and mammals * Features more than 100 annotated examples illustrating application of statistical methods* Includes more than 640 references of the analysis of nontagging data and the factors that may influence interpretation* Derives historical and ad hoc demographic methods in a modern statistical framework..

The under-representation of women in science is a well-documented fact that is of increasing concern to educators, administrators and government policy makers. This book, for women nearing the end of their formal training and beginning their careers in science, draws upon the experience of successful female scientists in academia, industry and research institutes from across North America and Europe. The contributors provide readers with a broad perspective on life as a scientist. Chapters address topics such as mentorship, networking and balancing career and family responsibilities and discusses the current issues and concerns women face in their careers.* Details skills complementing scientific training and expertise that are proven to enhance potential for success, including networking and mental toughness* Provides insights into balancing professional and personal responsibilities* Written by outstanding female scienctists representing diverse scientific backgrounds and interests* Offers pracical advice and real-life stories that address currrent issues and concerns* A professional resource with international perspective..

Much effort has been devoted to developing theories to explain the wide variation we observe in reproductive allocation among environments. Reproductive Allocation in Plants describes why plants differ in the proportion of their resources that they allocate to reproduction and looks into the various theories. This book examines the ecological and evolutionary explanations for variation in plant reproductive allocation from the perspective of the underlying physiological mechanisms controlling reproduction and growth. An international team of leading experts have prepared chapters summarizing the current state of the field and offering their views on the factors determining reproductive allocation in plants. This will be a valuable resource for senior undergraduate students, graduate students and researchers in ecology, plant ecophysiology, and population biology.* 8 outstanding chapters dedicated to the evolution and ecology of variation in plant reproductive allocation* Written by an international team of leading experts in the field* Provides enough background information to make it accessible to senior undergraduate students* Includes over 60 figures and 29 tables..

This industry standard encyclopedia on pharmaceutical manufacturing processes has been completely updated to include FDA drugs approved up to the summer of 2004. The encyclopedia gives details for the manufacture of 2226 pharmaceuticals that are being marketed as a trade-named product somewhere in the world. Each entry includes:ò Therapeutic function ò Chemical and common nameò Structural Formulaò Chemical Abstracts Registry no.ò Trade name, manufacturer, country, and year introducedò Raw Materialsò Manufacturing ProcessIn addition, references are also cited under each drug's entry to major pharmaceutical works where additional information can be obtained on synthesis and the pharmacology of the individual products...

The Advances in Cancer Research series provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. This volume presents outstanding and original reviews on a variety of topics including RUNX Genes in Development and Cancer; The RNA Continent; The c-myc Promoter; Designer Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Scaffolds for Study of 3-D Cell Biology and Beyond; and Dendritic Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy...