Multicellular organisms must be able to adapt to cellular events to accommodate prevailing conditions. Sensory-response circuits operate by making use of a phosphorylation control mechanism known as the "two-component system." Sections include:Structural ApproachesReconstitution of Heterogeneous SystemsIntracellular Methods and AssaysGenome-Wide Analyses of Two-Component SystemsPresents detailed protocols Includes troubleshooting tips..

Multicellular organisms must be able to adapt to cellular events to accommodate prevailing conditions. Sensory-response circuits operate by making use of a phosphorylation control mechanism known as the "two-component system." Sections include: Computational Analyses of Sequences and Sequence Alignments Biochemical and Genetic Assays of Individual Components of Signaling Systems Physiological Assays and Readouts* Presents detailed protocols * Includes troubleshooting tips..

This book provides a consolidated overview of the current knowledge of stable isotopes in terrestrial migration research questions. It offers ecologists and conservation biologists provide a practical handbook for those considering using stable isotopes in their migration research.* Presents information for readers to understand how to apply isotopic methods for tracking * Critical information on areas for future research* Practical guidelines and discussions of sample collection, sample preparation, and data analysis* Enhanced understanding of data and statistical analysis in isotope-based studies of migratory animals..

Secrets to Success in Industry Careers introduces you to the differences between what is needed in school and what is needed in industry. It describes the entire process of obtaining a job including analysis of a job description, writing an application, preparation for an interview, and conduct during and after an interview. Most importantly, this book is the ideal “industry-insider” guide because it provides you with skills and understanding essential for success on the job. Fictional anecdotes make it easy to understand application of these skills, summarized at the end of each chapter and supported by self guided assessment questionnaires. This is the ideal guide on how to succeed for anyone seeking a job or already employed in both industry and academic environments.·Self-assessment tools are included to help identify strengths and opportunities for growth· Includes chapters on understanding business goals, leadership and teamwork, communication skills, marketing, discipline, flexibility, innovation, intellectual property, special technologies, quality, ethics, globalization, ambiguity, expectation and career management· Author has developed highly successful industry-relevant training for students and new employees and has experience from both industry and academic environments· Contains a compilation of essential technical and managerial skills necessary for success in industry, including chapters on expectation management and career management..

Passive optical network (PON) technologies have become an important broadband access technology as a result of the growing demand for bandwidth-hungry video-on-demand applications. Written by the leading researchers and industry experts in the field, this book provides coherent coverage of networking technologies, fiber optic transmission technologies, as well as the electronics involved in PON system development.Features:* An in-depth overview of PON technologies and the potential applications that they enable* Comprehensive review of all major PON standards and architecture evolutions, as well as their pros and cons* Balanced coverage of recent research findings with economic and engineering considerations* Presents system issues of protocols, performance, management and protection* Extensive references to standards and research materials for further studiesThis book provides an authoritative overview of PON technologies and system requirements and is ideal for engineers and managers in industry, university researchers, and graduate students.*Balances treatment of the optical technologies with systems issues such as protocols, performance, management and protection*Covers latest developments in WDM-PONS, protection switching, dynamic bandwidth allocation*Practical coverage with a chapter on PON applications and deployment*Case studies on implementing PONs..

Numerical Methods for Linear Control Systems Design and Analysis is an interdisciplinary textbook aimed at systematic descriptions and implementations of numerically-viable algorithms based on well-established, efficient and stable modern numerical linear techniques for mathematical problems arising in the design and analysis of linear control systems both for the first- and second-order models. MATLAB-based software is included for implementing all of the major algorithms from the book.* Unique coverage of modern mathematical concepts such as parallel computations, second-order systems, and large-scale solutions* Background material in linear algebra, numerical linear algebra, and control theory included in text* Step-by-step explanations of the algorithms and examples* Includes MATLAB-based solution software..

Nuclear Structure and Gene Expression assimilates the contributions of genome organization and of the components of the nuclear matrix to the control of DNA and RNA synthesis. Nuclear domains which accommodate DNA replication and gene expression are considered in relation to short-term developmental and homeostatic requirements as well as to long-term commitments to phenotypic gene expression in differentiated cells. Consideration is given to the involvement of nuclear structure in gene localization as well as to the targeting and concentration of transcription factors. Aberrations in nuclear architecture associated with and potentially functionally related to pathologies are evaluated. Tumor cells are described from the perspective of the striking modifications in both the composition and organization of nuclear components. Nuclear Structure and Gene Expression presents concepts as well as experimental approaches, which define functionality of nuclear morphology.* Mechanisms of interaction between nuclear structure and genes* Gene expression regulation by elements of the nuclear matrix* How nuclear structure exerts a regulatory effect on other aspects of cell function/physiology..

Precise numerical analysis may be defined as the study of computer methods for solving mathematical problems either exactly or to prescribed accuracy. This book explains how precise numerical analysis is constructed. The book also provides exercises which illustrate points from the text and references for the methods presented. All disc-based content for this title is now available on the Web.· Clearer, simpler descriptions and explanations ofthe various numerical methods· Two new types of numerical problems; accurately solving partial differential equations with the included software and computing line integrals in the complex plane...

Insects, mites, and ticks have a long history of evolving resistance to pesticides, host-plant resistance, crop rotation, pathogens, and parasitoids. Insect resistance management (IRM) is the scientific approach to preventing or delaying pest evolution and its negative impacts on agriculture, public health, and veterinary issues. This book provides entomologists, pest management practitioners, developers of new technologies, and regulators with information about the many kinds of pest resistance including behavioral and phenological resistance. Abstract concepts and various case studies provide the reader with the biological and economic knowledge required to manage resistance. No other source has the breadth of coverage of this book: genomics to economics, transgenic insecticidal crops, insecticides, and other pest management tactics such as crop rotation. Dr. David W. Onstad and a team of experts illustrate how IRM becomes efficient, effective and socially acceptable when local, social and economic aspects of the system are considered. Historical lessons are highlighted with new perspectives emphasized, so that future research and management may be informed by past experience, but not constrained by it.* First book in 15 years to provide the history and explore aspects of a variety of stakeholders* Contributors include experts on ecological aspects of IRM, molecular and population genetics, economics, and IRM social issues* Biochemistry and molecular genetics of insecticides presented with an mphasis on past 15 years of research including Cry proteins in transgenic crops* Encourages scientists and stakeholders to implement and coordinate strategies based on local social conditions..

The first book entirely devoted to this topic, Ecosystem Engineers begins with the history of the concept, presenting opposing definitions of ecosystem engineeing. These varied definitions advance the debate and move past trivial difficulties to crystallize key issues such as the value of process-based vs. outcome-based. Authors include case studies spanning a wide spectrum of species and habitats, including above and below-ground, aquatic and terrestrial, and extant and paleontological examples. These studies enable readers to understand how the categorization of species as ecosystem engineers allows scientists to forge new explanatory generalizations. Key for all ecologists and environmentalists, this book ultimately illustrates how to inform and manage natural resources.* The only consolidated treatment available* Provides definitions, case studies, and examples of ecological models* Discusses how ecosystem engineering can inform and improve the management of natural resources* Includes contributions from Clive Jones, the leading figure in the development of the ecosystem engineer concept, and many other eminent ecologists, such as Alan Hastings..

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurodegenerative disorder of the human central nervous system (CNS) which usually affects young adults with certain genetic backgrounds who are then exposed to certain precipitating environmental antigen(s). Despite major advances of the past two decades in understanding the pathophysiology of MS, and in spite of the introduction of new immunomodulatory and immuno-suppressive agents which may slow down disease progression and delay the onset of disability, the “cause” and the “cure” for MS remain elusive. This volume of International Review of Neurobiology focuses on MS and related disorders. The volume can be divided into various sections with the main emphasis on MS pathogenesis, clinical features and epidemiology, neuroimaging, and treatment. The ultimate goal of this book is to encourage further research into the pathogenesis of this elusive disease...

Gluten Free Cereals and Beverages presents the latest work in the development of gluten free products, including description of the disease, the detection of gluten and the labeling of gluten free products, as well as exploring the raw materials and ingredients used to produce gluten free products.Identifying alternatives to the unique properties of gluten has proven a significant challenge for food scientists and for the 1% of the world’s population suffering from the immune-mediated entropathy reaction to the ingestion of gluten and related proteins commonly referred to as Coeliac Disease. This book includes information on the advances in working with those alternatives to create gluten free products including gluten free beer, malt and functional drinks. Food scientists developing gluten free foods and beverages, cereal scientists researching the area, and nutritionists working with celiac patients will find this book particularly valuable.•Written by leading experts, presenting the latest developments in gluten-free products•Addresses Coeliac Disease from a food science perspective•Presents each topic from both a scientific and industrial point of view..

In a local area network (LAN) or intranet, there are many pieces of hardare trying to gain access to the network transmission media at the same time (i.e., phone lines, coax, wireless, etc.). However, a network cable or wireless transmission frequency can physically only allow one node to use it at a given time. Therefore, there must be some way to regulate which node has control of the medium (a media access control, or MAC, protocol). Ethernet is a MAC protocol; it is one way to regulate physical access to network tranmission media.Ethernet networking is used primarily by networks that are contained within a single physical location. If you need to design, install, and manage a network in such an envronment, i.e., home or small business office, then this book will give you an in-depth understanding of the technology involved in an Ethernet network.One of the major goals of this book is to demystify the jargon of networks so that the reader gains a working familiarity with common networking terminology and acronyms. In addition, this books explains not only how to choose and configure network hardware but also provides practical information about the types of network devices and software needed to make it all work. Tips and direction on how to manage an Ethernet network are also provided. This book therefore goes beyond the hardware aspects of Ethernet to look at the entire network from bottom to top, along with enough technical detail to enable the reader to make intelligent choices about what types of transmission media are used and the way in which the various parts of the network are interconnected.*Explains how the Ethernet works, with emphasis on current technologies and emerging trends in gigabit and fast Ethernet, WiFi, routers, and security issues*Teaches how to design and select complementary components of Ethernet networks with a focus on home and small business applications*Discuses the various types of cables, software, and hardware involved in constructing, connecting, operating and monitoring Ethernet networks..

This book broadly reviews the modem techniques and significant applications of chemical sensors and biosensors. Chapters are written by experts in the field – including Professor Joseph Wang, the most cited scientist in the world and renowned expert on sensor science who is also co-editor. Each chapter provides technical details beyond the level found in typical journal articles, and explores the application of chemical sensors and biosensors to a significant problem in biomedical science, also providing a prospectus for the future.This book compiles the expert knowledge of many specialists in the construction and use of chemical sensors and biosensors including nitric oxide sensors, glucose sensors, DNA sensors, hydrogen sulfide sensors, oxygen sensors, superoxide sensors, immuno sensors, lab on chip, implatable microsensors, et al. Emphasis is laid on practical problems, ranging from chemical application to biomedical monitoring and from in vitro to in vivo, from single cell to animal to human measurement. This provides the unique opportunity of exchanging and combining the expertise of otherwise apparently unrelated disciplines of chemistry, biological engineering, and electronic engineering, medical, physiological.Provides user-oriented guidelines for the proper choice and application of new chemical sensors and biosensorsDetails new methodological advancements related to and correlated with the measurement of interested species in biomedical samplesContains many case studies to illustrate the range of application and importance of the chemical sensors and biosensors..

What were the circumstances that led to the development of our cognitive abilities from a primitive hominid to an essentially modern human? The answer to this question is of profound importance to understanding our present nature. Since the steep path of our cognitive development is the attribute that most distinguishes humans from other mammals, this is also a quest to determine human origins. This collection of outstanding scientific problems and the revelation of the many ways they can be addressed indicates the scope of the field to be explored and reveals some avenues along which research is advancing. Distinguished scientists and researchers who have advanced the discussion of the mind and brain contribute state-of-the-art presentations of their field of expertise. Chapters offer speculative and provocative views on topics such as body, culture, evolution, feelings, genetics, history, humor, knowledge, language, machines, neuroanatomy, pathology, and perception. This book will appeal to researchers and students in cognitive neuroscience, experimental psychology, cognitive science, and philosophy.* Includes a contribution by Noam Chomsky, one of the most cited authors of our time..

Published since 1953, Advances in Virus Research covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews providing a valuable overview of the current field of virology. In 2004, the Institute for Scientific Information released figures showing that the series has an Impact Factor of 2.576, with a half-life of 7.1 years, placing it 11th in the highly competitive category of Virology...